benefits of circular economy in construction
Solid waste management in Nigeria came with the establishment of the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA) in 1988 (Abila and Kantola, 2013). Zhu, Q., Geng, Y. and Lai, K.H. (2012). Other studies have supplemented the three Rs with: Recover, Remanufacture, Redesign, Refurbish, Repair, and the newest R from Advisory Board Rethink. From waste to value a system dynamics model for strategic decision making in closed-loop supply chains. Otherwise, C&DW recycling ratio will eventually decrease as exemplified above. Tam and Tam (2006) noted that the re-use and recycling of material waste are the only options to recover the generated waste. The concept if the circular economy is a move away from the linear model of "take, waste and make" to "one that is restorative and regenerative by design, and which aims to keep products, components and materials at their highest utility and value at all times, distinguishing between technical and biological cycles" . ROCKWOOL also recycles its own waste in closed loops and designs products for extended life spans and nearly indefinite recycling thereby leveraging the natural recyclability and durability of stone wool., "Our membership with Circle Economy can help us better understand the opportunities we have in our value chain and help us connect with other stakeholders so the impact can be wider,, To further improve ROCKWOOL's operations, Circle Economy assessed the company's value chain and identified opportunities to increase impact. (2008). Thus, this study systematically analyses literature surrounding cost and benefits of CE in the construction industry. Hence, taking wasted resources into account from a circular economic perspective can save 4.5 Trillion USD of additional GDP by 2030 (Lacy & Rutqvist, 2015). Recycled Aggregate Concrete Structures. Zhijun and Nailing (2007) acknowledge the potential social impacts of the CE to integrate populations, close income gaps, promote social justice and prevent environmental poverty. Wastage of material is common in construction projects in Nigeria; and this is as a result of several sources and causes. Even though Geissdoerfer et al. Most of the material waste is sent to landfills without considering its economic importance, through recycling or reprocessing into new products. And how could a circular economy reshape the current construction industry? Figure 3.1 - Traditional cost of provision of natural resources and handling of CDW compared to the resource management based on recycling (Lauritzen, 2016, p. 7). Khor et al. Khor, K.S., Udin, Z.M., Ramayah, T. and Hazen, B.T.(2016). Creating value with wastes: a model and typology of sustainability within firms. Oops! Lauritzen, E. (2016). Svendsen, L. and Tang, S. (2018). economic benefit of construction materials that were reused . Correspondingly, the circular economic approach is a necessity for the environment, but it has also various economic opportunities. The construction industry is said to produce more waste than any other industrial sector (Osobajoet al., 2020; Rose and Stegemann, 2018). The circular economy is vital in construction to reduce waste, conserve resources, and promote long-term sustainability. . Tognetti, A., Grosse-Ruyken, P.T. (2008). The review of literature has revealed that there is limited research on integration of circular economy and construction industry in Australasia, particularly in New Zealand. and Stegemann, J.A. While Ghiselliniet al. ConstructionPlacements helps professionals from construction industry to get regular feeds on recent industry news, information about global megaprojects, job opportunities, industry insights as well as events & conferences from Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure, Projects and Oil & Gas industry. The different theories have all affected and influenced circular economy in how it is perceived today. Changing one of the largest industries in the world is no easy feat, but change is already happening., Circle Economy has teamed up with ROCKWOOL one of the frontrunners, committed to change the sector. To learn more about it, you canclick here. Towards a circular built environment: an integral design tool for circular building components. Thereby, pavement economy can be improved by at least 20% (Lauritzen, 2016, p.6). Environmental Impact of Concrete, 2009, 29. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40497595_Environmental_Impact_of_Concrete. The entire goal is to reduce consumption and the impact on the environmenta growing concern for many since the construction industry, and the demolition associated with it, produce between a third and to half of all waste in the developed world. available at: www.eea.europa.eu/publications/circular-economy-in-europe. (2016) elaborated that the concept of circular economy has gained attention by authors since the late 1970s, and since then gained political awareness. Circular economy in the construction industry: A - ScienceDirect Further, during the process of the linear economy, the depletion of natural resources, the usage of landfill areas, and the consumption of energy are overlooked particularly from production to disposal. Municipal solid waste management problems in Nigeria: Evolving knowledge management solution. This consideration is important especially for conservative markets, where the price elasticity is high (Lauritzen, 2016, p. 7). As an opinion, by improving production technologies to consume less energy, to reduce air pollution, and by reaching the competitive price with R&D investments, reducing transportation cost and with other actions, the concrete industry can be strengthened. Wang, Y. and Hanzen, B.T. Pan, S.Y., Du, M.A., Huang, I.T., Liu, I.H., Chang, E.E. Palgrave Macmillan. In fact,researchers conducting pollsamong industry leaders and experts discovered that 85% of those who responded see the circular economy as gaining traction already, and they believe that it will become even more important in the next two years. , Sergio Fernando Tavares Add to Mendeley https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121046 Get rights and content Highlights Six different areas of research were found. Abila, B. and Kantola, J. An educational simulation tool for integrated coastal tourism development in developing countries. (2012). The history and current applications of the circular economy concept. Chertow, M. andMiyata, Y. Evaluation of Causes of Construction Material Waste: Case of River State, Nigeria. Waste to Wealth. Winkler (2010) added that as raw materials are becoming more expensive and scarcer; and municipalities are resisting landfill extensions, so, the practice of waste management becomes more economical and important. View the infographic on mapping the benefits of a circular economy. Furthermore, it improves the global macroeconomic overview by providing net material savings, employment growth, and so forth (Adams, et al., p. 15). Chaabane, A., Ramudin, A. and Paquet, M. (2012). The term circular economy is becoming increasingly commonplace. Cracking the Code: Financial Concepts in Construction Project Management, Unveiling the Blueprint: The Dynamic Work Environment of a Civil Engineer in the Construction Industry, Finding the Right Balance: On-Site vs. Office Work for Civil Engineers. (2016) claims that the objective of the CE was to split environmental pressure from a thriving economy. Linear economy is shown in Figure 1b below. The building and construction sector is a key area that has significant impacts on the economy and environment [1].This sector contributes to the economy (about 9% of the EU's Gross Domestic Product (GDP)), provides direct and indirect job opportunities (18 million direct jobs at the EU) and satisfies the people's needs for buildings and facilities [2, 3]. Dynamic productacquisition in closed loop supply chains. Circular Economy principles in construction design - One Click LCA Certification and standardization can be divided into concretes production processes. Table 2.1: Typical Concrete Mix (Babor et al., 2009, p. 29), Towards a Circular Economy: Advantages and Challenges of Concrete Recycling. International Journal of Production Research, 50(11): 2836-2851. : Shaping the Circular Economy, Chatham House, London, available at: https://www.chathamhouse.org/publications/papers/view/182376/bp0312_preston.pdf. Environmental Development, 17: 48-56. The circular economy (CE) contributes to raising productivity, optimizing the use of natural and human resources (Sehnem, 2019; Missemer, 2018) and increasing efficiency in resource management (Sehnem, 2019; Linder and Williander, 2017; EEA, 2016). Some experts actually suggest that builders and materials manufacturers think in terms of Legos, believe it or not. Sustainable design of a closed-looplocation-routing-inventory supply chain network undermixed uncertainty.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. (2015). Ogunmakinde, O.E., Sher, W. and Maund, K. (2019). A big part of circular economic practice is sourcing materials. Circular economy in the construction industry. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management,6: 746-753. 325-330. Furthermore, it improves the global macroeconomic overview by providing net material savings,. The benefits of the CE include, economic, environmental and social advantages and various authors argue that it is a sustainable approach. (2011). Production Planning and Control, 27(15): 1221-1232. Construction activity contributes to environmental degradation through resource depletion, land use and deterioration, power consumption, air pollution, and the generation of waste in the acquisition of raw materials (Saidu, 2016; Tam, 2008; Dania et al., 2007). Journal of Cleaner Production, 97: 76-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.11.049. Teo, S.P., Abdelnaser, O. and Abdul, H.K. ResourcesConservation and Recycling, 127: 221-232, doi: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.005. In response to Nunez-Cacho et al. (2013). Directive 2008/98/EC. In Figure 3, the content of each word is described. 89No. Wahab, A.B. By planting the concrete recycling areas close to the places in which secondary aggregates are used can diminish road transports (Lotfi, 2016, p.10). Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 24(6): 784804. One of the directives related to this subject is recycling and reusing at least 70% of C&DW by 2020 (European Union, 2008). Exploring environmental and economic costs and benefits of a circular economy approach to the construction and demolition sector. It also reviewed the construction industry, construction material waste situation, construction waste recovery systems and waste management policies in Nigeria. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 74: 299-315. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.02.044. 5, pp. Teo et al. However, the countrys rich endowment in natural resources somehow has facilitated enormous economic prosperity, such that it has been consistently rated among the largest economies in sub-Sahara Africa since 2004. Although details of this process vary by. Since the production of new concrete can be decreased by recycling, increase in CO2, greenhouse gasses (GHS), and health concerns related to these mentioned impacts can also be diminished (Babor, et al., 2009, p.29). Finally, we will highlight some successful case studies and provide insights into how the construction industry can move towards a more sustainable future by adopting circular economy principles. Hence, concrete recycling is needed to be enhanced in China and other Asian markets. (2017) defined CE as an approach to replacing the end-of-life concept with an economic system that fosters reuse, alternatively reducing, recovering and recycling of materials in distribution/ production and consumption processes. Alblas, A.A., Peters, K. and Wortmann, H.J.C. One such strategy is to identify the extent of research coverage on the cost and benefits of CE implementation in the construction industry from existing literature. (2016), Consumer productknowledge and intention to purchase remanufacturedproducts, International Journal of Production Economics,181(12): 460-469. The circular economy: A new development strategy in China. Reverse logistics in Malaysia: the contingent role ofinstitutional pressure. Applying this model is quite crucial in the construction industry. They found that supply chains with recycling not only have higher costs but also higher. The policy document recognized the fact that strategies for waste management at the grassroots level should interface with the local culture, land use type, economic base, climatic condition, existing urbanization level and institutional arrangements (EPHW, 2005). environmental and social benefits. Zhijun, F. and Nailing, Y. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137530707, Lauritzen, E. (2016). Comparing linear and circular supply chains: a case study from the construction industry. Geng et al. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 1-27. doi: 10.1108/sasbe-04-2020-0034. (2016). Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 1600011. The idea is to use modular building materials as much as possible so that as the end of a buildings lifespan approaches, pieces can be taken apart and reused or salvaged similar to how one might take apart Lego bricks to build something new. These studies seek to explore the efficacy of CE, understanding its cost and benefits in the construction industry and to understand the extent to best apply the principles of CE in the construction activities. (2015) observes of the three pillars of sustainability (social, economic and environmental) it is the former that is least expanded in most of the conceptualizations and applications of the CE.Employment and community development are the main social impacts analysed. Hazen, B.T., Mollenkopf, D.A. Zhalechian, M., Zahiri, B., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R. andMohammadi, M. (2016). ROCKWOOL recognises the potential of the circular economy and has decided to join Circle Economy's member community. Lean and green in the transport and logistics sector a case study of simultaneous deployment. Therefore, policy-. A number of authors have provided resource-oriented definitions and/or interpretations, emphasising the need to create closed loops of material flows and reduce the consumption of virgin resources and its attendant harmful environmental impacts. Rose, C.M. Su, B., Heshmati, A., Geng, Y. and Yu, X. For example, demolition and construction waste in the United Kingdom is at an annual average of 45.8 million tons (Akanbi et al., 2018). "Quantitative Assessment of Construction Material Wastage in Nigerian Construction Sites." Figure 1: Circular Economy (CE) Model against Linear Economy Model 2.1 History of Circular Economy Concept When investigating how the concept of circular economy arose and where it originates from, it is interesting to see that circular economy is inspired by different authors and influenced by several theories. Circular Economy of Construction and Demolition Waste: A Literature Lai, X., Liu, J., Shi, Q., Georgiev, G. and Wu, G. (2017). African Journal of Environment Sciences and Technology, 3: 246254. Ezeudu, O. and Ezeudu, T. (2019) Implementation of circular economy principle in industrial solid waste management: case studies from a developing economy (Nigeria). Building a circular construction sector is hard, but - Circle Economy Insufficient construction materials waste was rated least among the factors. Chinese policy, the term is directed at eco-design, cleaner production and eco-industrial parks and networks to create a recycling-oriented society (Adams et al., 2017; Geng et al., 2012). 3. The possible use of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in the construction industry as a way towards a circular economy. (2020). The Circular Economy and Its Impact on Construction - NEBS Circular economy in the construction industry: A - ScienceDirect Lehr, C.B., Thun, J.H. Guide to Green Careers for 2023, 50 Top Design Engineer Interview Questions and Answers [2023 Updated], A Guide To Construction Management Courses, 8 Tips to Reduce and Recycle Waste on Your Construction Site, Global Aspirations: Unearth Boundless Opportunities in International Construction Projects, Staying Updated with Construction Tech & Materials: A Comprehensive Guide, The Importance of Soft Skills like Communication, Teamwork, and Leadership in the Construction Industry, Tips and Strategies to Excel in Your Construction Management Degree Program, Architects of Safety: The Crucial Role of Civil Engineers in Upholding Project Standards. Also, this industry is responsible for the major fraction of environmental problems, global wastes and other important issues. World Population Growth. Adopting circular economy principles can bring numerous benefits to the construction industry, including: However, there are also challenges to implementing a circular economy in construction, such as: 1. (2018). The concept circular economy (CE) has drawn considerable attention among researchers, institutions and policymakers. However, several studies point at David Pearce and Kerry Turner as the founders of the conceptual framework for circular economy (Svendsen and Tang, 2018; Winanset al., 2017;Geissdoerferet al., 2016; Suet al., 2013). By planting concrete recycling areas in the urban places in which secondary aggregates are processed, transportation and fuel consumption can be reduced. (2012). (2014). Since recycled concretes quality is better than sand and gravel, the thickness of the exterior layer of the road base can be reduced. Minner, S. and Kiesmller, G.P. Journal of Cleaner Production, 115: 36-51. Increased revenues result from exchange flows, selling waste as input for another industry (Lehr et al., 2013; Geng et al., 2012), generating energy out of waste (Chaabane et al., 2012)or increasing brand and reputation effects (Tognetti et al.,2015). Abstract: This review investigates the concept of circular economy, its benefits to cost within the construction industry in Nigeria. (2016). Manufacturers in a circular economy rely on all kinds of reusable materials as building suppliesrecycled glass and rubber from tires, cork, paper cellulose and even things like straw and adobe, which can be reused. The circular economy is, essentially, a designed system, and in order to build a truly circular construction and demolition industry, new materials, tools, and systems that are designed to prevent waste should be a priority. Challenge of the century: From Linear to Circular Economy. Wilson, D., Rodic, L., Modak, P., Soos, R., Rogero, A., Velis, C., Iyer, M., & Simonett, O. A review of the circular economy in China: moving from rhetoric to implementation. Campos, L.M.S. Thirty-six states and a Federal Capital Territory (Abuja) make up the country. country, waste concrete crushing has three main steps. www.cnn.com. Remanufacturing for the circular economy: an examinationof consumer switching behaviour. (2018). and Witjes, S. (2018). (2012). The Circular Building, London: The Circular Building was a temporary structure built in London, showcasing how circular economy principles can be applied to the construction industry. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 36(2): 141-186. In this blog article, we will explore the principles of the circular economy, how it can be applied to the construction industry, and the potential benefits and challenges of embracing this approach. With a circular economy, companies and individuals alike can optimize the use of resources, reduce consumption of raw materials, and recover waste by recycling or giving it a second life as a new product. In 2014, estimated global cement production was nearly 4.3 billion tonnes and 8-12% of it was used to produce concrete (Lotfi, 2016, p.3). Figure 1.1: C&DW Audit Guideline: Decision-Making (EU Commission, 2017, p. 17), One of the Major Milestones of Circular Economy: Construction Industry and Concrete Recycling. The most produced type of cement is Portland cement (Lauritzen, 2016, p.3). Circular economy in construction: current awareness, challenges and enablers. It can also bring significant social and economic gains. This constraint harmfully affects the delivery of many projects (Adewuyi and Otali, 2013). Adewuyi, T.O. Fifth International Conference on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-V). and Carvalho, M.M. "Material Wastage in Malaysian Construction Industry." and Yamoah, F. (2017). Building savings: Strategies for Waste Reduction of Construction and Demolition Debris from Buildings. According to the Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA) (2014), there are five landfill sites (three major sites and two temporary sites) in the state, where all types of waste (including construction) are disposed. Zacho, K.O., Mosgaard, M. and Riisgaard, H. (2018). You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link in the footer of our emails. Management of Material Waste and Cost Overrun in the Nigerian Construction Industry. A systematic review of circular economy research in the construction industry. Issues on Construction Waste: The Need for Sustainable Waste Management. Literatures in all the approaches under analysis claims substantive financial profits when moving from linear to circular production (Linder and Williander, 2017; Garza-Reyes et al., 2016; Lehr et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2012). The biggest steps towards circularity can only be taken with the support of and collaboration with legislators and value chain partners. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(4): 451-464. Olaniyan, K., McLellan, B.C. Igbinomwanhia, D.I. Countries such as China and Germany have used the term within their legislation, although the emphasis can vary (Adams et al., 2017; Benton, 2015). (2009) observed that extra construction materials are usually purchased due to material wastage during the construction process. Of course, there are always trends to look out for in the construction industry. ProfessionalsViews of Material Wastage on Construction Sites. (2012).Constructivism scenario evolutionary analysis of zeroemission regional planning: a case of Qaidam circulareconomy pilot area in China. Technically, by recycling crushed aggregate and by using these aggregates in a new concrete, the overall production costs can be reduced. Waste reduction is another big part of the process. Across the construction industry, people are already starting to see the adoption of circular economic principles. (2013). Choudhary, A., Sarkar, S., Settur, S. and Tiwari, M.K. Linder, M. and Williander, M. (2017). Quantity Journal of Economics, 125: 15771625. Investigating ROCKWOOL's value chain helped us understand the structural issues holding back the industry. (2015). The emergence of circular economy: a new framing around prolonging resource productivity. (2017). The construction industry must prioritize sustainability and invest in research, development, and education to fully realize the circular economys potential. The construction sector also produces about one-third of all global waste, most of which is not recycled or reused, but ends up in landfills. Saidu, I. Firstly, pieces of concrete are crushed with industrial types of equipment. LandfillMonthly Dump Rports. Lie, J., Guo, M. (2011). and Lawal, M.O. Sign up for updates on the Circle Textiles Programme, Sign up for updates on the Circle Cities Programme, Sign up for updates on the Circular Jobs Initiative, Sign up for updates on Circle Lab (Digital tools). What are the Project Management Practices in Construction Industry? In this way, the life cycle of products is extended. ConstructionPlacements helps professionals from construction industry to get regular feeds on recent industry news, information about global megaprojects, job opportunities, industry insights as well as events & conferences from Construction, Real Estate, Infrastructure, Projects and Oil & Gas industry. These directives encompass relevant measures and concerns; moreover, they are parallel with the UNs and Paris Agreements goals and agendas. In todays rapidly evolving construction industry, the need for sustainable practices is more crucial than ever. Creating economic and environmental value through industrial symbiosis. For instnce, Kirchherr et al. All the logos/trademarks shared on this blog are the property of their respective owner. During the concrete waste recycling process, some negative effects occur such as air pollution, noise, and energy consumption (Lotfi, 2016, p.10). Circular economy approaches aim to move away from this resource-hungry model: where virgin materials are extracted, used, and discarded at the end of their life; to one which focuses on raw material reduction, retention and reuse. European Commission. (2000). Economics of Natural Resources and the Environment, Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Sustainability, 3(1): 293-305. (2015) use secondary data from 313 waste exchanges in the UK to show positive results in terms of eco development, defined as an increase in employment with a decrease in carbon emissions. (2019). Garza-Reyes, J.A., Villarreal, B. and Kumar, V. (2016). Available online: https://www.prb.org/wp686content/uploads/2018/08/ 2018_WPDS.pdf. However, the waste does not disappear immediately. (2015). (2014). However, the CE model promotes the concept that a product that has been perceived to have reached its end-of-life in a particular system might be used as a raw material in another or the same system, as shown in Figure 1a. In Hong Kong, the sorting process of waste materials is common among the construction practitioners; and this action promotes the re-use of some of the generated waste (Poon et al., 2004) Consequently, a trip-ticket scheme in Hong Kong encourages the separation of inert waste for possible re-use (Nagapan et al., 2012). Journal of Cleaner Production, 23(1), 216-224. Capturing uncaptured valuesa Danish case study on municipal preparation for reuse and recycling of waste. An Assessment of Material Waste Disposal Methods in the Nigerian Construction Industry. Journal of Building Engineering, 6: 144-156. For instance, in the Netherlands, where C&DW recycling ratio is aligned with the EU target, and where end of life concrete is reused mostly in road bases, absorbing ratio of end of life concrete aggregate is decreasing year by year and it will have dropped to below 40% by 2025 (Lotfi, 2016, p.5). By implementing circular principles, the industry can minimize its environmental impact and contribute to a more eco-friendly future. "A study Conducted to Reduce Construction Waste Generation in Turkey."
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benefits of circular economy in construction
